A2 Licence: What CC Can I Ride?

Understanding Your A2 Licence Restrictions

If you hold an A2 licence, you're likely keen to know the engine size (CC) and power limitations that dictate which motorcycles you can legally ride. The A2 licence, introduced in the UK and Europe, allows riders aged 19 and over to ride a motorcycle with a maximum power output of 35kW (47bhp). Crucially, this restriction is about power output, not solely engine displacement (CC), though there's often a correlation. Bikes must also not be derived from an engine more than twice its power output. This framework ensures a graduated progression in riding capability and experience before moving onto full A licence categories.

• A2 licence restricts bikes to a maximum of 35kW (47bhp).
• Power output is the key factor, not just engine CC.
• Bikes must not be derived from an engine over twice the power.
• A2 licence is for riders aged 19 and over.
• It's a step towards a full A licence.

The specific definition of 'derived from' can sometimes be complex, but generally, it means a manufacturer cannot take a super-powerful engine, detune it drastically, and offer it as an A2-compliant machine. The spirit of the law is to provide access to mid-weight machines that are powerful enough to be engaging but not so overwhelming as to pose an undue risk to newer riders. This distinction is vital: focusing solely on CC could lead you to choose a bike that technically fits the displacement but exceeds the power limit, or vice versa.

The Power vs. Engine Size Conundrum

Many riders new to the A2 licence rules wonder about the exact CC limit. While manufacturers often produce models in specific CC ranges, the A2 licence is fundamentally governed by its 35kW (47bhp) power ceiling and the 'derived from' clause. This means a motorcycle could have an engine size of 400cc, 650cc, or even higher, and still be legal for an A2 licence if it meets the power restrictions and derivation rules. Conversely, a smaller 250cc bike might exceed the 35kW limit and therefore be unsuitable. It’s about the measured horsepower, not an arbitrary engine size number alone. Always check the official power output figures and the bike's original engine specification if you are unsure about the derivation rule.

Who Needs an A2 Licence?

The A2 licence category is for riders aged 19 and over who have passed their motorcycle theory and practical tests. It sits between the A1 licence (for 125cc, 11kW/14.5bhp machines) and the full A licence (unrestricted). If you're 19 or 20 and passed your test, you'll likely have an A2 licence. Riders aged 24 and over, or those who have held an A2 licence for two years, can progress to the unrestricted A licence. Understanding this progression is key to appreciating the A2 licence's role as a stepping stone in your motorcycling journey.

How the A2 Licence Power Limit Works

The core of the A2 licence regulation is the maximum 35kW (47bhp) power output. This figure is measured at the engine's crankshaft. However, for the rider, the relevant figure is often the rear-wheel horsepower (RWHp), which is typically around 10-15% less due to drivetrain losses. While the law refers to engine power, manufacturers usually provide both figures. When looking at bikes, you'll commonly see the engine power listed. It is this figure, not exceeding 35kW, that you must adhere to. Some bikes are manufactured specifically with A2 compliance in mind, often being restricted versions of more powerful models. These are usually straightforward to identify.

Checking a Bike's A2 Compliance

Verifying a motorcycle's A2 licence compliance requires looking beyond the engine's CC. You need to find its maximum power output in kilowatts (kW) or brake horsepower (bhp). Most manufacturers clearly state this on their specification sheets or in the owner's manual. For used bikes, or if information is scarce, reputable motorcycle review sites or forums can be helpful, but always try to cross-reference with official sources. The 'derived from' rule is also important. If a bike's original engine (before any potential restrictions) produced more than 70kW (94bhp), it cannot be restricted to meet A2 licence standards. This prevents, for example, a 1000cc superbike engine being detuned for A2 use.

What About Engine Capacity (CC)?

Engine capacity, measured in cubic centimetres (CC), is a common way to describe a motorcycle's size, but it's not the definitive factor for the A2 licence. While many bikes within the A2 power range might fall between 300cc and 650cc, this is not a strict rule. A 500cc bike with a high-revving engine could exceed 35kW, while a 650cc parallel-twin with a relaxed tune might be well within the limit. Therefore, when searching for an A2-compatible motorcycle, prioritise checking the kW/bhp output. The CC figure is secondary; it's a general indicator but not the legal specification you must meet.

Always ask the seller or dealer for the specific power output (in kW) for the exact model and year you are considering, especially if it's a restricted version. This number is the one that matters for your A2 licence compliance.

A2 Licence-Restricted vs. A2-Native Bikes

Motorcycles fall into two main categories concerning A2 licence compliance: A2-native and A2-restricted. A2-native bikes are designed from the factory to produce 35kW or less and are not derived from more powerful engines. These are often smaller capacity bikes like 300cc-400cc machines but can include larger bikes tuned for lower power. A2-restricted bikes are standard models that have been fitted with a restrictor kit (e.g., to the throttle body or ECU) to cap their power output at 35kW. It’s crucial to ensure any restricted bike has been professionally fitted with a compliant kit and has the necessary paperwork (often a certificate) to prove its A2 status. Holding a certificate of restriction is vital for legality and insurance purposes.

Engine Sizes Commonly Found on A2 Licences

Although CC isn't the strict limit, understanding typical engine sizes can help you narrow down your search for an A2-compliant motorcycle. Many manufacturers offer bikes that are either specifically designed for the A2 licence or have A2-restricted versions available. These often fall into popular capacity classes that suit their power output.

Popular CC Ranges for A2 Bikes

You'll frequently encounter A2 licence-suitable motorcycles in these engine size brackets:

• 250cc - 400cc: This range is very common for A2-native bikes. They often offer good fuel economy, manageable weight, and are inherently less likely to exceed the 35kW limit. Examples include the Yamaha MT-03, Kawasaki Z400, and Honda CB300R.
• 400cc - 500cc: This capacity offers a bit more torque and presence, still fitting comfortably within A2 limits for many models. Think of bikes like the Honda CB500F/X/R or Kawasaki Ninja 400 (often marketed as 400cc but close to this range).
• 500cc - 700cc: While some bikes in this range exceed A2 limits, many popular models are available either in A2-native form or as restricted versions. The Honda CB500 range is a prime example, but you might also find restricted versions of bikes like the Yamaha MT-07 or Kawasaki ER-6f (if available restricted).

Examples of A2 Licence Motorcycles

To give you a clearer picture, here are a few examples of motorcycles that are commonly available and suitable for an A2 licence, either as standard or restricted versions. Remember to always verify the specific power output for the model year you are interested in.

→ A2 Licence

This table highlights that A2 bikes can span a wide range of CCs. The key is always the 35kW power output. A 650cc bike with a 35kW restriction is perfectly legal, while a 300cc bike producing 40kW would not be.

What About Older Restricted Bikes?

Before the A2 licence was introduced, there were different categories for restricting motorcycles. If you're looking at a bike that was restricted under older rules, it might not automatically be compliant with current A2 licence regulations. You must ensure the bike has been re-restricted specifically to meet the 35kW limit and the 'not derived from an engine over twice its power' rule. Always check the bike's paperwork and, if possible, consult with a mechanic experienced in A2 licence conversions.

Choosing Your First A2 Motorcycle

Selecting your first motorcycle on an A2 licence is an exciting prospect. With a clear understanding of the power and CC limits, you can now focus on finding a bike that suits your riding style, your commuting needs, and your personal preferences. The market offers a diverse range of machines, from sporty nakeds to adventure bikes and cruisers, all within the A2 framework.

Consider Your Riding Intentions

Before browsing specific models, think about how you'll use the bike:

• Commuting: Look for comfort, fuel efficiency, and weather protection. A naked bike or a small adventure tourer might be ideal.
• Weekend Fun: If you're planning scenic rides and spirited outings, a sportier naked or a lightweight sports bike could be more appealing.
• Learning & Practice: For honing your skills, a forgiving, lightweight machine with upright ergonomics is often recommended.

Your experience level is paramount. While the A2 licence allows up to 35kW, starting with a bike at the lower end of this power band, perhaps around 25-30kW, can be a sensible approach. This allows you to build confidence and bike control without being overwhelmed by outright power.

New vs. Used A2 Motorcycles

Both new and used A2 motorcycles offer distinct advantages. New bikes come with warranties, the latest technology, and that 'new bike smell', but at a higher price point. Used bikes can offer significant savings, allowing you to potentially get a higher-spec or larger CC model that has been restricted. When buying used, particularly a restricted bike, thorough inspection is critical. Check for service history, ensure any restrictor kits are professionally fitted and documented, and be aware of potential wear and tear. A

inspecting a used A2 bike? Ask for its original, unrestricted power output and documentation for any restriction kits fitted. This confirms its compliance and history.

Test Rides Are Non-Negotiable

No amount of research can replace the feeling of actually riding a motorcycle. Always arrange test rides for any bike you're seriously considering. Pay attention to:

• Ergonomics: Does the riding position feel comfortable? Can you comfortably reach the handlebars and controls?
• Seat Height: Can you get your feet flat on the ground when stationary? This is crucial for confidence and control.
• Power Delivery: Does the engine's power delivery feel smooth and manageable for your skill level?
• Handling: How does the bike feel when cornering? Does it inspire confidence?

A test ride will quickly tell you if a bike is a good match for you, regardless of its CC or power output.

Insurance Considerations

When insuring an A2 licence motorcycle, particularly a restricted one, you must declare that you are an A2 licence holder and that the bike is restricted to 35kW (if applicable). Failure to do so can invalidate your insurance. Some insurers may charge more for restricted bikes, or specific models might be more expensive to insure due to theft rates or perceived rider risk. Always shop around and get quotes before committing to a purchase.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

Navigating the world of A2 licence motorcycle regulations can seem straightforward, but there are several common traps that riders can fall into. Being aware of these pitfalls can save you trouble, expense, and potential legal issues down the line.

Assuming CC is the Only Limit

This is perhaps the most frequent misunderstanding. As stressed before, the A2 licence is primarily about power (35kW/47bhp), not just engine displacement (CC). A rider might buy a 600cc bike assuming it's fine, only to discover it produces 50kW and is therefore illegal for their licence. Always check the official power output figures.

→ Mobility Scooter Licence: Do You Need One?

Buying a Restricted Bike Without Proof

If you buy a bike that has been restricted to meet A2 requirements, ensure you receive proper documentation. This typically includes a certificate from the installer, and the vehicle logbook (V5C) should ideally be updated to reflect the restricted power output. Without this proof, the bike is technically not compliant, and you could face issues with the police or your insurance company. Riding a bike that exceeds your licence category is a serious offence.

Don't rely on verbal assurances alone when purchasing a restricted motorcycle.

Ignoring the 'Derived From' Rule

The rule that an A2 bike cannot be derived from an engine more than twice its power output is often overlooked. Manufacturers are restricted from taking a high-power engine (e.g., over 70kW) and simply fitting a restrictor kit. While most riders won't directly encounter this issue when buying standard A2-native bikes, it's good to be aware of, especially if looking at older or modified machines.

Misunderstanding Graduated Licensing

Some riders might think the A2 licence is a permanent category. It is not. It's a step in the graduated licensing system. After holding an A2 licence for two years, or upon reaching the age of 24, you can take a further test to gain the full, unrestricted A licence. If you are under 24, you must pass the A2 test, then after two years you can take the 'direct access' or 'graduated' test for the full A licence without needing to retake theory tests, provided your A2 licence is still valid.

Overlooking Maintenance and Wear on Used Bikes

A restricted bike might have been ridden hard by its previous owner, especially if it was unrestricted before modification. Always have a used motorcycle thoroughly inspected by a qualified mechanic. Look for signs of poor maintenance, crash damage, or modifications that might affect its compliance or roadworthiness. Regular servicing is crucial for all motorcycles, but especially for those that have undergone significant modifications like power restriction.

Beyond the A2 Licence: Progression and Next Steps

The A2 licence is a significant milestone, but it’s designed as a stepping stone towards full motorcycle independence. Understanding your progression options is key to long-term riding enjoyment and safety. Once you've gained confidence and experience on your A2-compliant machine, you'll naturally start thinking about what comes next.

Upgrading to the Full A Licence

The path to a full A licence depends on your age and how long you've held your A2 licence. If you are 24 years old or older, you can take the practical test for the unrestricted A licence at any time after passing your initial theory test and obtaining your A2 licence. If you are under 24, you must have held your A2 licence for at least two years before you can take the practical test for the full A licence. This second practical test (often referred to as a 'module 2' test on top of your A2 practical) assesses your ability to handle larger, more powerful motorcycles. Passing this test allows you to ride any motorcycle without power restrictions.

Choosing Your Next Motorcycle

Upon passing your full A licence test, a whole new world of motorcycles opens up. You are no longer bound by the 35kW limit. This means you can consider a vast array of machines, including:

• High-performance sports bikes: Think 1000cc+ superbikes.
• Larger touring motorcycles: For long-distance comfort and capacity.
• More powerful cruisers: With bigger V-twin engines.
• Heavier adventure bikes: Offering greater capability off-road and on.

When choosing your first unrestricted bike, it's still wise to exercise caution. Jumping from a 35kW machine to a 150kW superbike can be daunting and dangerous. Many riders opt for an intermediate step, perhaps a bike in the 60-80kW range, to gradually adapt to increased power and weight.

Consider taking an advanced rider training course after your full A licence test. It can help you safely transition to more powerful bikes and improve your overall riding skills.

The Importance of Continued Learning

Motorcycling is a skill that can always be refined. Regardless of whether you're on an A2 licence or a full A licence, continuous learning is vital. Advanced riding courses, such as those offered by the Motorcycle Industry Association (MCIA) or RoSPA, can teach you advanced road craft, hazard perception, and emergency handling techniques. These courses are invaluable for improving your safety and confidence, no matter how experienced you become.

What If I Already Have an A1 Licence?

If you started with an A1 licence (for 125cc, 11kW machines), you can progress to the A2 licence by taking another practical test. This usually means retaking the theory test as well, unless your theory test pass certificate is still valid. The process is similar to obtaining the A2 licence initially: pass the theory, then the A2 practical test. This demonstrates your growing competence and allows you access to more powerful motorcycles.

→ Category AM Driving Licence: What It Covers & How to Get It

Legal and Administrative Aspects

Beyond understanding the CC and power limits, there are several legal and administrative aspects to consider when riding on an A2 licence. These ensure you remain compliant and can ride legally and safely.

Licence Validation and Checks

Always carry your A2 licence with you when riding. Police officers can check your licence status and confirm you are riding a compliant machine. Ensure your licence clearly states the A2 category. If you acquired your A2 licence through a restriction, keep all related paperwork, such as the restriction certificate, with your licence and insurance documents.

Motorcycle Road Tax and SORN

Every motorcycle in the UK must be taxed or declared SORN (Statutory Off Road Notification). You can check the tax status of any vehicle using the GOV.UK website. The cost of motorcycle road tax varies depending on the vehicle's engine size and emission levels, but it's a legal requirement to have valid tax or a valid SORN declaration if the bike is not being used on public roads. Failure to do so can result in penalties.

Insurance Declarations

As mentioned, accurate insurance is critical. When getting quotes, you must declare you hold an A2 licence. If the motorcycle is a restricted model, you must state this clearly, along with its restricted power output. Providing false information to an insurer can lead to your policy being invalidated, meaning you would be riding uninsured – a serious offence.

Accurate declaration is non-negotiable for valid motorcycle insurance.

MOT Requirements

Motorcycles that are three years old or older require an annual MOT test to ensure they meet roadworthiness standards. Ensure your A2 licence motorcycle has a valid MOT certificate if it falls into this age bracket. The MOT covers essential safety aspects like brakes, tyres, lights, and emissions, ensuring the bike is fit to be on the road.

What is an AM Licence?

While the focus is on the A2 licence, it's worth noting the existence of the AM driving licence. This is for mopeds (typically up to 50cc and 45km/h) and can be obtained at 16 years old. It's a different category entirely and not related to the A2 licence, which is for motorcycles with significantly higher power and capacity potential.

Motorcycle Licence Categories UK Overview

To summarise the UK's tiered motorcycle licensing system:

• AM Licence: Mopeds (up to 50cc, max 45km/h). Age 16+.
• A1 Licence: Light motorcycles (up to 125cc, max 11kW/14.5bhp). Age 17+.
• A2 Licence: Mid-weight motorcycles (max 35kW/47bhp). Age 19+.
• A Licence: Unrestricted motorcycles. Age 24+ or 2 years after A2.

Understanding these categories ensures you are always riding legally and on the correct licence for the motorcycle you choose.

Conclusion: Riding Smart on Your A2 Licence

The A2 licence offers a fantastic entry point into riding more substantial and engaging motorcycles. By focusing on the legal power limit of 35kW (47bhp) and understanding the 'derived from' rule, you can confidently select a machine that is both thrilling and appropriate for your experience. Remember that engine CC is a guide, not a strict rule, and always verify the exact power output of any bike you consider.

Whether you opt for an A2-native model or a professionally restricted bike, thorough research, practical test rides, and correct documentation are your best allies. Don't overlook the importance of insurance, road tax, and maintenance to ensure your riding experience is both legal and safe.

As you gain experience, the A2 licence serves as a solid foundation. It prepares you for the greater challenges and rewards of the full A licence, allowing you to gradually build your skills and confidence on the road. Ride smart, ride safe, and enjoy your journey into the world of motorcycling.

The true measure of an A2-compliant motorcycle lies not just in its engine displacement, but in its adherence to the 35kW power ceiling and the 'derived from' principle, ensuring a safe and progressive riding experience.