Understanding the A2 Licence Category
The A2 bike licence is a specific category within the UK motorcycle licensing system, designed for riders who want to progress beyond smaller machines but are not yet ready for the full unrestricted licence. Introduced in 2013, it sets limits on the power and performance of motorcycles you can legally ride, ensuring a safer transition into more powerful bikes. It effectively bridges the gap between the entry-level AM (moped) licence and the unrestricted A licence.
At its core, an A2 licence permits you to ride motorcycles with a power output of no more than 35 kilowatts (kW), which equates to approximately 47 brake horsepower (bhp). Importantly, the motorcycle must not have been modified to exceed 70kW (94bhp) before modification. This power-to-weight ratio constraint is a key differentiator, meaning a bike that is inherently very powerful cannot simply be restricted to meet the A2 limit; it must originate from a model that doesn't exceed twice its rated power.
Eligibility for the A2 licence requires you to be at least 19 years old. You must already hold a provisional licence and have passed the compulsory basic training (CBT) course. The A2 licence itself is obtained by passing two tests: a theory test and a practical riding test, similar to the process for other motorcycle licence categories. Once you pass the practical test on an A2-compliant motorcycle, your licence will be restricted to Category A2.
- A2 licence restricts bikes to 35kW (47bhp).
- Riders must be at least 19 years old.
- Requires provisional licence and CBT.
- Obtained via theory and practical tests.
A2 Licence Power and Performance Limits
The 35kW (47bhp) maximum output is the defining characteristic of the A2 licence. However, it's not just about the peak power; the rules also specify that the motorcycle’s original engine output (before any restriction) must not exceed twice the final permitted output, meaning no more than 70kW (94bhp). This prevents riders from simply taking a very high-powered sports bike and restricting it excessively, which could compromise its handling and safety characteristics. This nuance is vital for selecting a suitable machine.
Furthermore, if you are upgrading from an A1 licence (for 125cc machines), you can take an A2 test on a larger bike that meets the A2 limits. Upon passing, your A2 licence is then valid. If you are directly pursuing the A2 licence without a prior A1 entitlement, you will undertake the A2 tests on a motorcycle of at least 250cc and between 20kW (27bhp) and 35kW (47bhp), which will then be restricted to 35kW.
The motorcycle must also be capable of being restricted. Many manufacturers offer factory-restricted versions of their popular models, which are ideal. If a bike isn't factory restricted, it can sometimes be modified by an authorised technician, but this must be done properly and documented. The DVSA (Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency) requires proof of the modification and its compliance with the A2 regulations.
Steps to Obtaining Your A2 Licence
Embarking on the journey to secure your A2 bike licence involves a structured process, starting with the foundational elements. First, you must be at least 19 years old and hold a valid provisional driving licence. If you don't have one, you can apply for it through the government's official website.
The mandatory next step is completing your Compulsory Basic Training (CBT). This is a one-day course (or longer if needed) delivered by an approved training provider, covering fundamental riding skills, road safety, and legal requirements. Upon successful completion, you'll receive a DL196 certificate, which is valid for two years. This certificate allows you to ride a motorcycle up to 125cc (Category AM or A1) on public roads while you prepare for your full licence tests, but you must still display L-plates.
A2 Licence Theory and Practical Tests
Once you have your provisional licence and CBT certificate, you can book your A2 motorcycle theory test. This computer-based exam consists of two parts: multiple-choice questions and a hazard perception test. You need to pass both parts to achieve an overall pass. The theory test assesses your knowledge of road rules, traffic signs, safety procedures, and motorcycle-specific information.
After passing the theory test, you are eligible to book your practical A2 riding test. This test is conducted in two modules. Module 1 is an off-road exercise, typically held at a DVSA test centre, involving manoeuvres such as slow-speed control, hazard avoidance, and emergency stops. Module 2 is the on-road riding assessment, where an examiner evaluates your ability to ride safely and competently in various traffic conditions, demonstrating your understanding and application of road safety principles.
Crucially, for the practical test, you must ride a motorcycle that meets the A2 licence criteria: between 250cc and 650cc, with a power output between 20kW (27bhp) and 35kW (47bhp), and an original engine output not exceeding 70kW (94bhp). Using a bike that doesn't comply can lead to your test being stopped and failed. The test examiner will check the bike's specifications. Some training schools offer A2-specific bikes for hire for your test.
Before booking your practical test, ensure you have practised extensively on an A2-compliant motorcycle. Familiarity with the specific bike you'll use for the test is paramount for building confidence and demonstrating proficiency during the manoeuvres and on-road assessment.
Upon passing both Module 1 and Module 2 of the practical test, your full A2 motorcycle licence will be issued. This licence allows you to ride any motorcycle up to 35kW (47bhp) without L-plates and without the need for a CBT certificate for future riding, though you will still need to arrange motorcycle road tax and insurance.
Choosing a Motorcycle for Your A2 Licence
Selecting the right motorcycle is a significant part of the A2 licence experience. It’s not just about meeting the 35kW power limit; it’s also about choosing a bike that suits your riding style, offers reliability, and provides a good platform for developing your skills. Many manufacturers offer models that are either specifically designed for or can be restricted to meet A2 compliance, providing a wide array of choices.
When looking for bikes for a2 licence holders, pay close attention to the vehicle's declared power output. Official specifications from the manufacturer are the definitive source. Many modern motorcycles are available in A2-compliant versions. These are often factory-restricted, meaning they come with a certificate confirming their compliance and are legally acceptable for the test and for riding with an A2 licence. Examples include popular models from brands like Yamaha, Honda, Kawasaki, and KTM, which often have 35kW variants of their mid-range offerings.
Factors to Consider When Buying an A2 Compliant Bike
Beyond the power output, consider the motorcycle's engine size and type. While the upper limit is 35kW, you'll find bikes ranging from 300cc to 650cc that fit within this category. Smaller capacity bikes might be lighter and more manageable for new riders, while larger ones can offer more torque and highway capability, albeit still within the A2 restrictions. Think about the type of riding you intend to do: commuting, touring, or weekend fun.
Reliability and maintenance costs are also critical. Opting for a well-known brand with a good reputation for durability can save you money and hassle in the long run. Research common issues for specific models and check for available spare parts. Also, factor in the cost of insurance, which can vary significantly depending on the bike's make, model, age, and performance characteristics.
When considering used bikes, always verify the power output and whether it has been restricted. A bike that was originally more powerful might have been restricted. You must obtain a certificate of restriction and ensure the DVSA details on the V5C logbook reflect this. If the bike is not restricted, or if the restriction is not properly documented, it will not be suitable for the A2 licence test, and riding it would be illegal.
Consider visiting dealerships or specialist motorcycle shops that cater to A2 riders. They can offer advice on suitable models and help you understand the intricacies of power restrictions and compliance. Many dealerships will also have information on financing options and warranty packages.
If you're looking at a bike that requires restriction, ask the seller if they have the official certificate and if the V5C has been updated. Without this proof, the bike is not legally compliant for A2 use, even if it has been physically restricted.
It’s also worthwhile to look at bikes specifically categorised as A2-compliant by manufacturers. These are often designed with the A2 rider in mind, offering a balance of performance, handling, and usability. Some models are available in different power outputs, so ensure you are looking at the correct 35kW version, not a more powerful variant.
A2 Licence vs. Other Motorcycle Categories
Understanding where the A2 licence sits within the UK’s motorcycle licensing framework is essential for planning your riding progression. It's not the only option, and knowing the distinctions can help you choose the right path based on your age and aspirations.
The AM licence is the entry-level category, allowing riders aged 16 and over to operate mopeds with a maximum speed of 28mph (45km/h) and an engine capacity of up to 50cc. This is ideal for short, low-speed urban commutes but doesn't offer the versatility for faster roads.
The A1 licence is for riders aged 17 and over who wish to ride motorcycles up to 125cc, with a maximum power output of 11kW (14.6bhp). This category is often the first step for those interested in motorcycling, providing more capability than a moped but still with limited power. Passing an A2 test on a bike meeting A2 criteria automatically grants you the A1 licence entitlement.
The Progression Path: A2 to Full A Licence
The A2 licence, with its 35kW (47bhp) limit, is a significant step up from A1. It opens up a much wider range of motorcycles, including many popular mid-weight bikes that offer a more engaging riding experience and greater road presence. This category is suitable for riders aged 19 and above.
The ultimate goal for many riders is the full A motorcycle licence, which allows you to ride any motorcycle without power restrictions. To obtain a full A licence, you must be at least 24 years old. Alternatively, if you have held your A2 licence for at least two years, you can take a direct access route or a '70kW test' (often referred to as an A2 to A upgrade test) at age 21, provided you are 21 or over and have held your A2 licence for two years. This test is taken on a larger, unrestricted motorcycle (over 50kW/67bhp) and assesses advanced riding skills.
The structure of the licence categories ensures that riders gradually build their experience and skills on progressively more powerful machines. This tiered approach is designed to enhance safety by matching rider capability with machine performance.
The A2 licence serves as a vital gateway, equipping riders with the skills and confidence to handle a substantial range of motorcycles before they consider the unrestricted category.
In summary, the progression typically looks like this: CBT → AM Licence (optional, for 16+) → A1 Licence (125cc, 11kW, for 17+) → A2 Licence (up to 35kW, for 19+) → Full A Licence (any motorcycle, for 24+, or 21+ with 2 years A2 experience).
Each step involves passing specific tests and adhering to the regulations for that category. It is always advisable to consult the official DVSA guidelines or speak with an accredited motorcycle training school for the most up-to-date information on licence requirements and test procedures.
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
Navigating the requirements for the A2 bike licence can seem straightforward, but several common pitfalls can trip up aspiring riders. Being aware of these potential issues and taking steps to avoid them can save time, money, and frustration.
One of the most frequent errors relates to motorcycle compliance for the practical test and for riding with an A2 licence. Riders might mistakenly believe a bike is A2 compliant when it isn't. This can happen if the bike's original engine output exceeded the 70kW (94bhp) limit before any restriction was applied. Even if the bike is physically restricted to 35kW, it's illegal for A2 use if its un-restricted output was too high. Always verify the original manufacturer’s specifications, not just the current output.
Ensuring A2 Bike Compliance
Another common issue is not having proper documentation for restricted bikes. If you buy a used motorcycle that has been restricted, you must have a certificate of restriction from the installer and ensure the V5C (logbook) is updated to reflect the restricted power output. Without these, the bike is not legally compliant for A2 use, and you could fail your test or face penalties if stopped by the police. Always check the V5C carefully.
The provisional licence and CBT certificate are also crucial. Ensure your provisional licence is valid and your CBT certificate hasn't expired. While the CBT allows you to ride up to 125cc on L-plates while learning, it’s a prerequisite for taking your theory and practical tests for the A2 licence. Failing to have these in order can mean your tests cannot proceed.
Riders sometimes underestimate the difficulty of the practical tests. Module 1 requires precise control and hazard perception at speed, while Module 2 tests your ability to ride safely and assertively in real-world traffic. Insufficient practice, especially on the specific type of motorcycle you will use for the test, can lead to failure. Consider taking extra training sessions beyond the basic CBT if you feel unsure.
When looking at a motorcycle for sale, ask the dealer or private seller for a copy of the original manufacturer's data sheet for that specific model and year. This will clearly state the un-restricted engine output, helping you confirm its suitability for the A2 category.
Finally, some riders may overlook the insurance implications. Even with an A2 licence, insurance premiums can be high for certain models. It's wise to get insurance quotes for the bikes you are considering before you commit to buying. Also, remember that riding without valid motorcycle insurance or motorcycle road tax is illegal and carries significant penalties.
By understanding these common pitfalls and taking proactive steps – such as thorough research, checking documentation, and investing in adequate training – you can significantly increase your chances of a smooth and successful journey to obtaining your A2 bike licence.
A2 Licence: Insurance and Ongoing Costs
Once you've passed your A2 licence tests, the journey continues with the practicalities of owning and riding a motorcycle, chief among them being insurance and ongoing expenses. These costs can significantly influence your choice of motorcycle and your overall budget.
Motorcycle insurance for A2 licence holders can vary considerably. Premiums are influenced by several factors, including the specific make and model of the bike, its engine size (even within the 35kW limit, larger cc bikes might cost more to insure), its performance capabilities, security features, and whether it’s new or used. Your age, riding experience, location, and any previous claims history also play a major role in determining the cost. Bikes that are perceived as faster or more prone to theft generally command higher premiums.
What Affects A2 Bike Insurance Premiums?
When shopping for insurance, it's essential to be accurate about your licence category. Declaring yourself as an A2 licence holder is mandatory. Failure to do so could invalidate your insurance. You'll also need to specify if the bike is restricted or if it's a factory-built A2 model. Some insurers might have specific policies or pricing for A2-restricted motorcycles.
Always compare quotes from multiple insurance providers to find the most competitive rate. Look beyond just the price; check what the policy actually covers. Comprehensive policies typically offer the most protection, covering damage to your own bike, third-party damage, and potentially personal injury. Ensure the policy includes cover for riding with an A2 licence and for the specific motorcycle you intend to purchase.
Besides insurance, other ongoing costs associated with riding an A2 bike include:
- Motorcycle Road Tax (Vehicle Excise Duty): This is based on the motorcycle’s CO2 emissions or engine size, depending on its registration date. You must have valid motorcycle road tax to ride your bike legally on public roads.
- Servicing and Maintenance: Regular servicing is vital to keep your motorcycle in good working order and safe to ride. This includes oil changes, chain adjustments, brake checks, and tyre wear. The frequency and cost will depend on the bike and how much you ride it.
- Tyres: Motorcycle tyres wear out and need replacing. The cost can be significant, so factor this into your budget, especially if you ride frequently or in demanding conditions.
- Fuel: While generally more fuel-efficient than cars, fuel costs are still a significant expense, depending on your mileage and the bike's MPG.
- Riding Gear: While not strictly an ongoing cost after the initial purchase, replacing worn-out gear or upgrading your safety equipment is important.
It’s also wise to have a contingency fund for unexpected repairs or maintenance issues. For any specific details regarding insurance, tax bands, or recommended maintenance schedules, it is always best to consult the official government websites or speak directly with insurance providers and motorcycle service centres.
Riding Safely on Your A2 Licence
Earning your A2 bike licence is a significant achievement, opening up a world of motorcycling enjoyment. However, with greater power comes a greater responsibility to ride safely and competently. Prioritising safety is paramount for yourself and other road users.
The A2 licence allows you to ride motorcycles up to 35kW (47bhp). While this is a substantial amount of power for a two-wheeled vehicle, it’s crucial to respect the machine and the road. Never become complacent. Always assume that other road users may not have seen you, and ride defensively. This means anticipating potential hazards and maintaining a safe distance from other vehicles.
Essential Safety Practices for A2 Riders
Always wear appropriate protective riding gear. This includes a helmet that meets current safety standards (e.g., ECE 22.06), a motorcycle jacket with armour, sturdy trousers, gloves, and proper riding boots. This gear is not just for show; it can significantly reduce the severity of injuries in the event of a fall or collision. Never ride without your full protective kit.
Regular maintenance of your motorcycle is non-negotiable. Ensure your brakes are in good condition, your tyres have adequate tread, and all lights and indicators are working correctly. A well-maintained bike is a safer bike. Refer to your owner’s manual for the recommended service schedule.
When you're out riding, pay close attention to road conditions. Wet surfaces, gravel, mud, and even diesel spills can drastically reduce tyre grip. Adjust your speed and riding style accordingly. Ride within your limits and the limits of your motorcycle, especially in unfamiliar areas or adverse weather. Remember that the A2 licence is a stepping stone; you are still building your experience.
Before setting off on a longer journey, do a quick walk-around check of your motorcycle. Ensure tyres are properly inflated, brakes feel firm, and there are no obvious leaks or loose parts. This simple habit can prevent many potential issues.
Continue to develop your riding skills. Consider advanced rider training courses, such as those offered by RoSPA or IAM RoadSmart, even after you've passed your test. These courses can refine your hazard perception, braking techniques, and overall riding efficiency, making you a more skilled and safer rider. This continued learning is particularly relevant as you progress towards potentially upgrading to a full A licence in the future.
Familiarise yourself with the Highway Code and any updates relevant to motorcyclists. Understanding how to position yourself on the road for visibility and safety, how to navigate junctions, and how to interact with other road users is fundamental. Riding an A2 bike licence machine offers freedom, but it demands respect, awareness, and a commitment to safety.
Benefits of the A2 Licence Pathway
The A2 licence category, established as part of broader European licensing reforms, offers distinct advantages for aspiring motorcyclists. It provides a structured, safety-focused progression that caters to riders who want more than a basic moped or 125cc machine but are not yet ready for the full, unrestricted power of a Category A motorcycle.
One of the primary benefits is the wider selection of motorcycles available. Unlike the A1 licence, which limits riders to 125cc and 11kW, the A2 licence opens the door to a much broader spectrum of bikes. This includes many popular middleweight machines from leading manufacturers, offering more performance, better handling, and a more engaging riding experience. This variety allows riders to find a bike that better suits their individual needs, whether for commuting, touring, or recreational riding, all within legal power limits.
A Stepping Stone to More Powerful Bikes
The A2 licence serves as an excellent stepping stone towards the full A licence. By allowing riders to gain experience on bikes with a power output of up to 35kW (47bhp), it helps them develop essential skills and confidence in handling more substantial machinery. This gradual exposure to increasing power levels is a key safety feature, reducing the risk of accidents that can occur when riders move too quickly to high-powered motorcycles without adequate experience.
The structure encourages skill development. Riders on A2-compliant bikes learn to manage weight, acceleration, braking, and cornering on machines that are more capable than 125cc bikes but still forgiving enough for developing riders. This period of riding with A2 restrictions allows for a deeper understanding of motorcycle dynamics and roadcraft.
Furthermore, the A2 licence pathway is designed to be achievable. By requiring a CBT, theory test, and practical tests, it ensures that all riders possess a baseline level of competence and knowledge before they are granted the privilege of riding more powerful motorcycles. This rigorous testing process contributes to overall road safety by ensuring that only qualified riders are on the road.
For many, the A2 licence represents a sweet spot – the ability to ride a capable and exciting motorcycle without the potential expense and steep learning curve associated with a fully unrestricted machine. It offers a tangible taste of 'real' motorcycling freedom and performance, making it an attractive and logical step for many individuals aged 19 and over looking to enter the world of motorcycling.
Consider attending an advanced rider training course after you have gained some experience on your A2 bike. This can help you maximise the enjoyment and safety of your current machine, while also preparing you for the skills required for an unrestricted A licence if that is your future goal.
In essence, the A2 licence pathway is a well-thought-out system that balances rider ambition with safety. It provides a regulated, accessible, and educational route into motorcycling for a significant segment of the riding population, offering a rewarding experience on a diverse range of capable motorcycles.